Note: Standard framework for initial patient assessment in any emergency; used in ACLS, trauma, and general nursing practice.

Note: Dated mnemonic: current AHA/ACC guidelines no longer recommend routine morphine in NSTEMI and have de-emphasized routine oxygen unless SpO2 is less than 90%. Aspirin remains the most critical component.

Note: Universally used comprehensive pain assessment tool; often combined with an 'U' for Understanding the patient's meaning.

Note: Core history framework used in emergency and pre-hospital nursing; quickly captures the most clinically relevant information.

Note: Standard JCAHO-endorsed sequence for hospital fire response; memorized for NCLEX and all facility fire safety training.

Note: Universal fire extinguisher technique; taught alongside RACE in all healthcare fire safety programs.

Note: Some institutions expand to 8 or 10 rights adding right reason and right to refuse. The core 6 remain the NCLEX standard.

Note: Public and clinical awareness tool endorsed by AHA and ASA. BE-FAST adds Balance and Eyes for posterior circulation strokes.

Note: Used to document and analyze fall incidents comprehensively; supports root-cause analysis and prevention planning.

Note: Critical distinction: TACO involves fluid overload so diuretics are indicated; TRALI is immune-mediated lung injury and diuretics may worsen outcomes.

Note: Pulselessness is a late and ominous sign sometimes added as a 6th P. Pain with passive stretch is the earliest and most sensitive indicator.

Note: Cushing's triad is a late and grave sign of herniation-level ICP. Immediate neurosurgical intervention is required; do not wait for all three signs before acting.

Note: Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypercalcemia all increase digoxin toxicity risk. Normal therapeutic level is 0.5-2 ng/mL; toxicity more likely greater than 2 ng/mL.

Note: Normal serum potassium is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L. Levels greater than 6.5 mEq/L are life-threatening. Calcium gluconate is the first-line cardiac protection.

Note: Change in level of consciousness is the earliest and most sensitive indicator of rising ICP. Pupil changes suggest herniation is already occurring.

Note: Delirium in elderly patients is frequently under-recognized. Infection and urinary retention are among the most common and reversible causes.

Note: Standard neurological documentation shorthand. Unequal, non-reactive, or irregular pupils require immediate neurological evaluation.

Note: ISOBAR is commonly used in Australian nursing; the classic US version is SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) endorsed by TJC and IHI.

Note: Used in neonatal nursing after delivery. Hypothermia and hypoglycemia are the two most common and preventable causes of neonatal deterioration.

Note: More comprehensive than PQRST alone; frequently used in advanced practice and physical assessment courses. Complements SAMPLE for full history taking.